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rabbit anti-cavin-4 (polyclonal  (Millipore)


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    Structured Review

    Millipore rabbit anti-cavin-4 (polyclonal

    Rabbit Anti Cavin 4 (Polyclonal, supplied by Millipore, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/rabbit+anti-cavin-4+(polyclonal/rabbit+anti+cavin+4++polyclonal/pmc05716666-21-2-6
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    rabbit anti-cavin-4 (polyclonal - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    90/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Deciphering caveolar functions by syndapin III KO-mediated impairment of caveolar invagination"

    Article Title: Deciphering caveolar functions by syndapin III KO-mediated impairment of caveolar invagination

    Journal: eLife

    doi: 10.7554/eLife.29854


    Figure Legend Snippet:

    Techniques Used: Transfection, Construct, Western Blot, Recombinant, Plasmid Preparation, Software, Staining



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    Santa Cruz Biotechnology rabbit polyclonal anti-murc/cavin-4
    A) Dot-plots and bar charts representative of the transcript levels of <t>MURC/CAVIN-4</t> , CAV-3 and MHC genes in aRMS (n = 11) and eRMS (n = 7) vs skeletal muscle (n = 3) samples, as calculated after in silico analysis of microarray data. In the plot, each dot is a sample of the original data. The Y-axis represents the log 2 normalized intensity of the gene and the X-axis represents the different types of samples. Bars represent the average ± standard error of the mean. B) MURC/CAVIN-4 , CAV-3 and MHC transcript levels were represented with box-plots. MURC/CAVIN-4 gene was not differentially expressed between mouse aRMS and eRMS in comparison to skeletal muscle samples, as determined by Kruskal-Wallis test. p-values < 0,05 were used as criteria to evaluate significant difference in gene expression. In each box-plot the median value (black line in the box) is reported in correspondence of every subgroups. C) Heat map analysis on MURC/CAVIN-4 , CAV-3 and MHC transcript levels in aRMS, eRMS and skeletal muscle samples. Low values of the gene expression are represented with blue, mean values are represented with yellow while high values are represented in red. D) Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed using microarray data from 139 primary human samples . The overall survival in RMS patients with respect to Cav-3 expression is indicated with red and blue curve, respectively.
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    Image Search Results


    Journal: eLife

    Article Title: Deciphering caveolar functions by syndapin III KO-mediated impairment of caveolar invagination

    doi: 10.7554/eLife.29854

    Figure Lengend Snippet:

    Article Snippet: Antibody , rabbit anti-CAVIN-4 (polyclonal) , Sigma , HPA020987 AB_1853080 , 1:400 (western blot).

    Techniques: Transfection, Construct, Western Blot, Recombinant, Plasmid Preparation, Software, Staining

    Journal: eLife

    Article Title: Deciphering caveolar functions by syndapin III KO-mediated impairment of caveolar invagination

    doi: 10.7554/eLife.29854

    Figure Lengend Snippet:

    Article Snippet: Polyclonal rabbit anti-CAVIN-1 and 3 antibodies (18892–1-AP; 16250–1-AP) were from Proteintech, polyclonal goat anti-CAVIN-2 antibodies (AF5759) were from R&D Systems and polyclonal rabbit anti-CAVIN-4 antibodies (HPA020987) were from Sigma.

    Techniques: Transfection, Construct, Western Blot, Recombinant, Plasmid Preparation, Software, Staining

    A) Dot-plots and bar charts representative of the transcript levels of MURC/CAVIN-4 , CAV-3 and MHC genes in aRMS (n = 11) and eRMS (n = 7) vs skeletal muscle (n = 3) samples, as calculated after in silico analysis of microarray data. In the plot, each dot is a sample of the original data. The Y-axis represents the log 2 normalized intensity of the gene and the X-axis represents the different types of samples. Bars represent the average ± standard error of the mean. B) MURC/CAVIN-4 , CAV-3 and MHC transcript levels were represented with box-plots. MURC/CAVIN-4 gene was not differentially expressed between mouse aRMS and eRMS in comparison to skeletal muscle samples, as determined by Kruskal-Wallis test. p-values < 0,05 were used as criteria to evaluate significant difference in gene expression. In each box-plot the median value (black line in the box) is reported in correspondence of every subgroups. C) Heat map analysis on MURC/CAVIN-4 , CAV-3 and MHC transcript levels in aRMS, eRMS and skeletal muscle samples. Low values of the gene expression are represented with blue, mean values are represented with yellow while high values are represented in red. D) Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed using microarray data from 139 primary human samples . The overall survival in RMS patients with respect to Cav-3 expression is indicated with red and blue curve, respectively.

    Journal: PLoS ONE

    Article Title: MURC/cavin-4 Is Co-Expressed with Caveolin-3 in Rhabdomyosarcoma Tumors and Its Silencing Prevents Myogenic Differentiation in the Human Embryonal RD Cell Line

    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130287

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Dot-plots and bar charts representative of the transcript levels of MURC/CAVIN-4 , CAV-3 and MHC genes in aRMS (n = 11) and eRMS (n = 7) vs skeletal muscle (n = 3) samples, as calculated after in silico analysis of microarray data. In the plot, each dot is a sample of the original data. The Y-axis represents the log 2 normalized intensity of the gene and the X-axis represents the different types of samples. Bars represent the average ± standard error of the mean. B) MURC/CAVIN-4 , CAV-3 and MHC transcript levels were represented with box-plots. MURC/CAVIN-4 gene was not differentially expressed between mouse aRMS and eRMS in comparison to skeletal muscle samples, as determined by Kruskal-Wallis test. p-values < 0,05 were used as criteria to evaluate significant difference in gene expression. In each box-plot the median value (black line in the box) is reported in correspondence of every subgroups. C) Heat map analysis on MURC/CAVIN-4 , CAV-3 and MHC transcript levels in aRMS, eRMS and skeletal muscle samples. Low values of the gene expression are represented with blue, mean values are represented with yellow while high values are represented in red. D) Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed using microarray data from 139 primary human samples . The overall survival in RMS patients with respect to Cav-3 expression is indicated with red and blue curve, respectively.

    Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used: rabbit polyclonal anti-MURC/cavin-4 for immunohistochemical analysis (Code: HPA020973, Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy); goat polyclonal anti-MURC/cavin-4 for immunoblotting analysis (Code: SC-163021, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); rabbit polyclonal anti-MURC/cavin-4 for immunofluorescence analysis (as described in [ ]); mouse monoclonal anti-Cav-3 (Code: 610420, BD Transduction Laboratories, Buccinasco, Milan, Italy); rabbit anti-myogenin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA, 1:500 dilution); mouse monoclonal anti-MHC (Code: SC-32732, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); mouse monoclonal anti-total and—phosphorylated ERK1/2 (extracellular regulated kinase 1/2) (Tyr204) (Code: SC-135900 and SC-7383, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) (Code: MAB374, Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) and mouse monoclonal anti-alpha-tubulin (Code: T5168, Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy).

    Techniques: In Silico, Microarray, Expressing

    A) The specificity of MURC/cavin-4 antibody was tested by IHC analysis using mouse tissue samples derived from heart, skeletal muscle and spleen. The latter was expectedly negative to MURC/cavin-4 staining (brown). Images were taken at 20x and 60x magnification. Scale bars:100 μm. B) MURC/cavin-4 staining (brown) was evaluated by IHC analysis on mouse and human tumors (as reported in ). Skeletal muscle served as a positive control. Representative pictures were taken at 20x and 60x magnification. Scale bars:100 μm.

    Journal: PLoS ONE

    Article Title: MURC/cavin-4 Is Co-Expressed with Caveolin-3 in Rhabdomyosarcoma Tumors and Its Silencing Prevents Myogenic Differentiation in the Human Embryonal RD Cell Line

    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130287

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A) The specificity of MURC/cavin-4 antibody was tested by IHC analysis using mouse tissue samples derived from heart, skeletal muscle and spleen. The latter was expectedly negative to MURC/cavin-4 staining (brown). Images were taken at 20x and 60x magnification. Scale bars:100 μm. B) MURC/cavin-4 staining (brown) was evaluated by IHC analysis on mouse and human tumors (as reported in ). Skeletal muscle served as a positive control. Representative pictures were taken at 20x and 60x magnification. Scale bars:100 μm.

    Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used: rabbit polyclonal anti-MURC/cavin-4 for immunohistochemical analysis (Code: HPA020973, Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy); goat polyclonal anti-MURC/cavin-4 for immunoblotting analysis (Code: SC-163021, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); rabbit polyclonal anti-MURC/cavin-4 for immunofluorescence analysis (as described in [ ]); mouse monoclonal anti-Cav-3 (Code: 610420, BD Transduction Laboratories, Buccinasco, Milan, Italy); rabbit anti-myogenin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA, 1:500 dilution); mouse monoclonal anti-MHC (Code: SC-32732, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); mouse monoclonal anti-total and—phosphorylated ERK1/2 (extracellular regulated kinase 1/2) (Tyr204) (Code: SC-135900 and SC-7383, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) (Code: MAB374, Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) and mouse monoclonal anti-alpha-tubulin (Code: T5168, Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy).

    Techniques: Derivative Assay, Staining, Positive Control

    A) Single staining (brown) of either MURC/cavin-4 or Cav-3 was evaluated by IHC analysis on serial tumor sections established from mouse and human tumor samples (as reported in ). Representative pictures were taken at 20x and 60x magnification. Scale bars:100 μm. B) MURC/cavin-4 (brown) and Cav-3 (blue) staining was evaluated by double IHC analysis on human tumors. Representative pictures were taken at 20x magnification, whereas 60x magnification corresponds to inset; scale bars: 100 μm. * corresponds to MURC/cavin-4 brown staining, arrowhead corresponds to Cav-3 blue staining and arrow corresponds to double staining.

    Journal: PLoS ONE

    Article Title: MURC/cavin-4 Is Co-Expressed with Caveolin-3 in Rhabdomyosarcoma Tumors and Its Silencing Prevents Myogenic Differentiation in the Human Embryonal RD Cell Line

    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130287

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Single staining (brown) of either MURC/cavin-4 or Cav-3 was evaluated by IHC analysis on serial tumor sections established from mouse and human tumor samples (as reported in ). Representative pictures were taken at 20x and 60x magnification. Scale bars:100 μm. B) MURC/cavin-4 (brown) and Cav-3 (blue) staining was evaluated by double IHC analysis on human tumors. Representative pictures were taken at 20x magnification, whereas 60x magnification corresponds to inset; scale bars: 100 μm. * corresponds to MURC/cavin-4 brown staining, arrowhead corresponds to Cav-3 blue staining and arrow corresponds to double staining.

    Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used: rabbit polyclonal anti-MURC/cavin-4 for immunohistochemical analysis (Code: HPA020973, Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy); goat polyclonal anti-MURC/cavin-4 for immunoblotting analysis (Code: SC-163021, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); rabbit polyclonal anti-MURC/cavin-4 for immunofluorescence analysis (as described in [ ]); mouse monoclonal anti-Cav-3 (Code: 610420, BD Transduction Laboratories, Buccinasco, Milan, Italy); rabbit anti-myogenin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA, 1:500 dilution); mouse monoclonal anti-MHC (Code: SC-32732, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); mouse monoclonal anti-total and—phosphorylated ERK1/2 (extracellular regulated kinase 1/2) (Tyr204) (Code: SC-135900 and SC-7383, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) (Code: MAB374, Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) and mouse monoclonal anti-alpha-tubulin (Code: T5168, Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy).

    Techniques: Staining, Double Staining

    In vitro analysis of MURC/cavin-4 expression was conducted using human cell lines (embryonal RD, RD12, RD18 and alveolar RH30) and primary mouse tumor cultures (embryonal U57810 and alveolar U23674); the mouse skeletal C2C12 myoblasts served as positive control. Cells were seeded in 60-mm dishes (at a density of 12 x 10 4 ) and cultured in GM until confluence, followed by incubation in DM. After 72 hours in GM or DM, cells were harvested and analyzed for transcript and protein content. A) Semi-quantitative PCR analysis was carried out to analyze the transcriptional levels of MURC/CAVIN-4 in the different cell lines. Mean ± SD of the relative MURC/cavin-4 levels were normalized with GAPDH expression; **, P < 0.001; ***, P < 0.0001. Results are representative of three independent experiments. B) Under the same conditions, immunoblotting was performed to analyze the protein content of MURC/cavin-4, Cav-3, myogenin and MHC. Results are representative of three independent experiments. C) The embryonal human RD and mouse U57810 cells were seeded in 60-mm dishes (at a density of 12 x 10 4 ) and maintained in GM for up to 72 hours. Cells were then differentiated in the presence of DM or DM added with 10 μM PD098059 for additional 72 hours. The derived cell homogenates were then used to analyze the protein content of MURC/cavin-4, Cav-3, MHC, ERK1/2 (both phosphorylated and total forms) by immunoblotting. Protein bands were quantified by densitometry after normalization with respect to tubulin (n = 3). **, P < 0.001.

    Journal: PLoS ONE

    Article Title: MURC/cavin-4 Is Co-Expressed with Caveolin-3 in Rhabdomyosarcoma Tumors and Its Silencing Prevents Myogenic Differentiation in the Human Embryonal RD Cell Line

    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130287

    Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro analysis of MURC/cavin-4 expression was conducted using human cell lines (embryonal RD, RD12, RD18 and alveolar RH30) and primary mouse tumor cultures (embryonal U57810 and alveolar U23674); the mouse skeletal C2C12 myoblasts served as positive control. Cells were seeded in 60-mm dishes (at a density of 12 x 10 4 ) and cultured in GM until confluence, followed by incubation in DM. After 72 hours in GM or DM, cells were harvested and analyzed for transcript and protein content. A) Semi-quantitative PCR analysis was carried out to analyze the transcriptional levels of MURC/CAVIN-4 in the different cell lines. Mean ± SD of the relative MURC/cavin-4 levels were normalized with GAPDH expression; **, P < 0.001; ***, P < 0.0001. Results are representative of three independent experiments. B) Under the same conditions, immunoblotting was performed to analyze the protein content of MURC/cavin-4, Cav-3, myogenin and MHC. Results are representative of three independent experiments. C) The embryonal human RD and mouse U57810 cells were seeded in 60-mm dishes (at a density of 12 x 10 4 ) and maintained in GM for up to 72 hours. Cells were then differentiated in the presence of DM or DM added with 10 μM PD098059 for additional 72 hours. The derived cell homogenates were then used to analyze the protein content of MURC/cavin-4, Cav-3, MHC, ERK1/2 (both phosphorylated and total forms) by immunoblotting. Protein bands were quantified by densitometry after normalization with respect to tubulin (n = 3). **, P < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used: rabbit polyclonal anti-MURC/cavin-4 for immunohistochemical analysis (Code: HPA020973, Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy); goat polyclonal anti-MURC/cavin-4 for immunoblotting analysis (Code: SC-163021, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); rabbit polyclonal anti-MURC/cavin-4 for immunofluorescence analysis (as described in [ ]); mouse monoclonal anti-Cav-3 (Code: 610420, BD Transduction Laboratories, Buccinasco, Milan, Italy); rabbit anti-myogenin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA, 1:500 dilution); mouse monoclonal anti-MHC (Code: SC-32732, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); mouse monoclonal anti-total and—phosphorylated ERK1/2 (extracellular regulated kinase 1/2) (Tyr204) (Code: SC-135900 and SC-7383, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) (Code: MAB374, Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) and mouse monoclonal anti-alpha-tubulin (Code: T5168, Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy).

    Techniques: In Vitro, Expressing, Positive Control, Cell Culture, Incubation, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Derivative Assay

    A) Embryonal RD and alveolar RH30 cells were seeded in 60-mm dishes (at a density of 12 x 10 4 ) and cultured in GM for 72 hours until reaching confluence; cells were then treated with DM for additional 72 hours. Protein homogenates were subjected to cell fractionation, and the detergent-soluble and-insoluble fractions were analysed by immunoblotting to evaluate the protein levels of MURC/cavin-4, Cav-3, MHC and GAPDH. Results are representative of three independent experiments. B) Confocal microscopy analysis was employed to analyze the distribution of MURC/cavin-4 (red), Cav-3 (green) and MHC (green) in RD and RH30 cells cultured in GM or DM. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Samples were analyzed using a Zeiss LSM510 META microscope equipped with a 63x oil immersion objective. Merged images, captured using the LSM 510 Meta software, showed an extensive co-localization of MURC/cavin-4 with Cav-3 at the cell surface as well as with MHC in the cytosol (yellow signal). Pictures were taken at 63x magnification.

    Journal: PLoS ONE

    Article Title: MURC/cavin-4 Is Co-Expressed with Caveolin-3 in Rhabdomyosarcoma Tumors and Its Silencing Prevents Myogenic Differentiation in the Human Embryonal RD Cell Line

    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130287

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A) Embryonal RD and alveolar RH30 cells were seeded in 60-mm dishes (at a density of 12 x 10 4 ) and cultured in GM for 72 hours until reaching confluence; cells were then treated with DM for additional 72 hours. Protein homogenates were subjected to cell fractionation, and the detergent-soluble and-insoluble fractions were analysed by immunoblotting to evaluate the protein levels of MURC/cavin-4, Cav-3, MHC and GAPDH. Results are representative of three independent experiments. B) Confocal microscopy analysis was employed to analyze the distribution of MURC/cavin-4 (red), Cav-3 (green) and MHC (green) in RD and RH30 cells cultured in GM or DM. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Samples were analyzed using a Zeiss LSM510 META microscope equipped with a 63x oil immersion objective. Merged images, captured using the LSM 510 Meta software, showed an extensive co-localization of MURC/cavin-4 with Cav-3 at the cell surface as well as with MHC in the cytosol (yellow signal). Pictures were taken at 63x magnification.

    Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used: rabbit polyclonal anti-MURC/cavin-4 for immunohistochemical analysis (Code: HPA020973, Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy); goat polyclonal anti-MURC/cavin-4 for immunoblotting analysis (Code: SC-163021, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); rabbit polyclonal anti-MURC/cavin-4 for immunofluorescence analysis (as described in [ ]); mouse monoclonal anti-Cav-3 (Code: 610420, BD Transduction Laboratories, Buccinasco, Milan, Italy); rabbit anti-myogenin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA, 1:500 dilution); mouse monoclonal anti-MHC (Code: SC-32732, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); mouse monoclonal anti-total and—phosphorylated ERK1/2 (extracellular regulated kinase 1/2) (Tyr204) (Code: SC-135900 and SC-7383, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) (Code: MAB374, Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) and mouse monoclonal anti-alpha-tubulin (Code: T5168, Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy).

    Techniques: Cell Culture, Cell Fractionation, Western Blot, Confocal Microscopy, Microscopy, Software

    Stably transfected RD clones (i.e., control shOFF and five different knock-down clones, namely shMURC MIX; 103–131; 901–929; 178–206; 366–394 ) were seeded in 60-mm dishes (at a density of 12 x 10 4 ) and harvested after 72 hours in GM. SDS-PAGE was carried out loading gel with 160 μg proteins per each sample and immunoblotting was performed to evaluate the protein levels of MURC/cavin-4. Results are representative of three independent experiments. Protein bands were quantified by densitometry after normalization with respect to tubulin (n = 3). **, P < 0.001. B) Crystal violet assay was employed to compare the proliferation over a time-course of 24-48-72 hours in knock-down MURC/cavin-4 clones (i.e., shMURC MIX and shMURC 901–929 ) and control shOFF clone. Results are representative of three independent experiments. C) Control shOFF and knock-down shMURC MIX cells were seeded in 60-mm dishes (at a density of 12 x 10 4 ) and, once reached the confluence, were differentiated in the presence of DM or DM added with 10 μM PD09859 for 72 hours. Giemsa staining was then employed to visualize the morphological differentiation. Pictures were taken under a phase contrast microscope at 40x magnification. Images are representative of three independent experiments. D) Under the same conditions, immunoblotting was performed to evaluate the protein content of MURC/cavin-4, Cav-3, myogenin and MHC. Results are representative of three independent experiments. E) Confocal microscopy analysis was employed to analyse the distribution of MURC/cavin-4 (red), Cav-3 (green) and MHC (green) in knock-down shMURC MIX clone as compared to control shOFF clone cultured in DM. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Samples were analyzed using a Zeiss LSM510 META microscope and pictures were taken with a 63x oil immersion objective.

    Journal: PLoS ONE

    Article Title: MURC/cavin-4 Is Co-Expressed with Caveolin-3 in Rhabdomyosarcoma Tumors and Its Silencing Prevents Myogenic Differentiation in the Human Embryonal RD Cell Line

    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130287

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Stably transfected RD clones (i.e., control shOFF and five different knock-down clones, namely shMURC MIX; 103–131; 901–929; 178–206; 366–394 ) were seeded in 60-mm dishes (at a density of 12 x 10 4 ) and harvested after 72 hours in GM. SDS-PAGE was carried out loading gel with 160 μg proteins per each sample and immunoblotting was performed to evaluate the protein levels of MURC/cavin-4. Results are representative of three independent experiments. Protein bands were quantified by densitometry after normalization with respect to tubulin (n = 3). **, P < 0.001. B) Crystal violet assay was employed to compare the proliferation over a time-course of 24-48-72 hours in knock-down MURC/cavin-4 clones (i.e., shMURC MIX and shMURC 901–929 ) and control shOFF clone. Results are representative of three independent experiments. C) Control shOFF and knock-down shMURC MIX cells were seeded in 60-mm dishes (at a density of 12 x 10 4 ) and, once reached the confluence, were differentiated in the presence of DM or DM added with 10 μM PD09859 for 72 hours. Giemsa staining was then employed to visualize the morphological differentiation. Pictures were taken under a phase contrast microscope at 40x magnification. Images are representative of three independent experiments. D) Under the same conditions, immunoblotting was performed to evaluate the protein content of MURC/cavin-4, Cav-3, myogenin and MHC. Results are representative of three independent experiments. E) Confocal microscopy analysis was employed to analyse the distribution of MURC/cavin-4 (red), Cav-3 (green) and MHC (green) in knock-down shMURC MIX clone as compared to control shOFF clone cultured in DM. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Samples were analyzed using a Zeiss LSM510 META microscope and pictures were taken with a 63x oil immersion objective.

    Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used: rabbit polyclonal anti-MURC/cavin-4 for immunohistochemical analysis (Code: HPA020973, Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy); goat polyclonal anti-MURC/cavin-4 for immunoblotting analysis (Code: SC-163021, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); rabbit polyclonal anti-MURC/cavin-4 for immunofluorescence analysis (as described in [ ]); mouse monoclonal anti-Cav-3 (Code: 610420, BD Transduction Laboratories, Buccinasco, Milan, Italy); rabbit anti-myogenin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA, 1:500 dilution); mouse monoclonal anti-MHC (Code: SC-32732, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); mouse monoclonal anti-total and—phosphorylated ERK1/2 (extracellular regulated kinase 1/2) (Tyr204) (Code: SC-135900 and SC-7383, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA); mouse monoclonal anti-GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) (Code: MAB374, Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) and mouse monoclonal anti-alpha-tubulin (Code: T5168, Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy).

    Techniques: Stable Transfection, Transfection, Clone Assay, SDS Page, Western Blot, Crystal Violet Assay, Staining, Microscopy, Confocal Microscopy, Cell Culture